Posted on Monday 08 Aug 2011
In this month’s ‘Racing Life’ column from the September issue of Motorsport magazine, AT&T Williams’ Director of Engineering Patrick Head talks about six-wheeler, the FW08D......
Two very enjoyable days at the Goodwood Festival of Speed prompted me to think of our six-wheeler, the FW08D, which Jonathan Palmer drove up the hill in 1994, I believe achieving the fastest time in that year.
The thinking behind the car was entirely logical as we worked to keep up with the turbo-powered cars of Renault, Ferrari and the BMW-engined Brabhams, but had no turbo engine ourselves. We did conduct a programme with John Judd of Engine Developments and valve gear specialist Chris Walters, which resulted in our long-stroke 3-litre Cosworths being raised from about 480 to just over 540hp, which powered Keke Rosberg in his 1982 title year. But this power level was a long way shy of the turbo.
A parallel approach was to reduce the car’s frontal area, dominated by two huge rear tyres on 20in-wide rims, so we settled on using four smaller fronts on the rear, hiding one behind the other to reduce drag. This in turn meant we could bring the inner face of the rear tyres a long way outboard and run flexible skirts all the way to the back of the car, between the rear wheels, which gave us huge expansion at the back and increased downforce.
We produced a ‘mule’ vehicle to see if it would go round corners and if we could get it balanced. We’d tried to design it so that the exact centre of the two rear axles was where our normal single axle would be – which in turn meant that the forward axle had to be angled well forward from the output.
We took it to Croix-en-Ternois in northern France, with Jacques Laffite and Palmer driving, and discovered that it had no problems in tight corners and extremely good traction, particularly in the wet. But it was at least 100 kilos overweight and we knew we’d have to build a new gearbox and design a new rear suspension layout which would have been a major task.
We did know that it had huge potential, running near-identical times to a conventional car despite being over the weight limit.
Alan Jones had initially run the car, on the back of an FW07 chassis, at Donington at the end of 1981 – and perhaps that’s why he decided to retire on the spot… Or, more likely, it was the English winters that prompted the decision!
You may recall that in 1982 FW08 was a short and stubby car with a high fuel tank behind the driver, and that’s because it was designed to be the front end of the six-wheeler.
Frank Dernie was developing the car in our wind tunnel and had a specification well in advance of the mule test car. He ran the figures, downforce, drag etc in our simulation programme using the Paul Ricard circuit and the car was something like 12sec faster than the conventional car. Mind, he didn’t add the 100 kilos of extra weight, he said that was my problem, so it was optimistic.
I think it would have been possible with a complete redesign to get to the weight limit but we just didn’t have the resources. So you could say it was lucky for us that we never had to build a new car following the ban on six-wheelers and ground-effect aerodynamics, but also the Honda turbo engine came along.
So we never raced FW08D but Palmer gave the car its only competitive outing at that Festival of Speed and took the hillclimb record, which stood until ’99 when Nick Heidfeld beat it in a McLaren-Mercedes MP4-13 with tyres straight from the blankets – and then by only a couple of seconds. The six-wheeler had so much traction it went off the line like a rocket, and – like the March six-wheeler before it – was perfectly suited to a hillclimb.
We still see radical new ideas in Formula 1, such as using exhaust gases to improve downforce, which is a complex technology. But the problem with radical or revolutionary ideas in today’s F1 is that you have to be very sure of your ground as a designer; no team can afford a ‘lost’ year as sometimes happened in the past, in particular with Lotus under Colin Chapman. Mostly their ideas sparkled, but sometimes they failed badly.
Reproduced with kind permission of Motorsport
Credit: Williams F1 (www.williamsf1.com)
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